Art of converting hydrocarbon oils



May 9, 1933. H. R. sN'ow Y 1,908,00

' ART oF CONVERTIG HmRocARBoN GILS.

Filed April 25, 195o Patented May' 9, 1933 UNITED. STATES PATENTfor-FICE HAROLD R. SNOW, F HAMEOND, INDIANA, ASSIGNOBTO STANDARDVOILCOMPANY,

OF'WHITING, INDIANA@ A COBCPGRATION-OF INDIANA ART OF HYDROCABIBONOIlIIIIiSv Application illcd April 25, 1930.. Serial No. 447,265.

This'invention relates to improvements in connection Withthe pyrogenetictreatment of hydrocarbon oils end refers more particularly to the methodoffend means for retard- 6 ing the deposition of coke upon certainportions of apparatus employed in the decomposition of hydrocarbon oils.The invention will be fully understoodv from the following description,illustrated by the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is al vertical sectional view of a reaction chamber suitablefor use in connection with apparatus for'the conversionA of hydrocarbonoils, the' chamber being prole. vided with means forpreventing thedeposition of coke against and within the vapor outlet and adjacent theupper man-head; and` Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional View oftheoutlet conduit and the coke preventing means shown in Fig. 1. 'i

Referring tothe drawing, the numeral -5 designates areaction chamber ofsuitable design for use in the cracking or conversion of hydrocarbonoils. The chamber 5 is particularly adapted to be` employed in crackingprocesses of the .vapor phase type, for example, processes such as thosedescribed in 7i the co-pending applications of myself, Serial No.428,430, filed February 14, 1930, and another and myself, Serial No. 427,216, filed February 10,1930. In such processes, the oil 'undergoingtreatment is heated in a heating zonewherein it is -vaporized and thevapors brought to an effective cracking temperature `8l! at which thedesired type of crackingwill be secured. The products then -cw from theheating zone and into a suitable reaction chamber.- v i v I The'reactionchamber employed in such a vapor phase process is ordinarily avertically Mdisposed elongated chamberof cylindrical form. and ismaintained largely filled with .4 vapors, only a low level of tarryliquid being permitted therein, if any.

In cracking'or conversion processes, 'particularly those ofthe`4 typedescribed in the applications already alluded to,- `coke forma- -tlonsof an objectionable character tend to form 'upon and `within the vaporoutlet lead- 5 ing from the reactionchamber and also adjadistributorindicated as a whole at 7. This E0 distributor is described in detail inmy copending application Serial No. 428,431, filed February 14, 1930.The outlet 8 of the distributor 7 is located above the lev l of 'thetarry liquid, the level of which is indicated .35

v by the dotted line A. The level of this liquid is controlled bycontinuously or int :rmittently withdrawing predetermined portions of itthrough the draw-off line 9. The opening of the draw-oit line 9 issurrounded b y acoil 10 through which may be circulated a suitablecooling medium. The purpose and operation of this coil 10 and the outlet9, are described in the already alluded toco-pendingapplications'Numbers 427 ,216 and 428,43 l.

The vapor outlet of the present invention is preferably located withinthe upper portion of the reaction chamber 5 and is designated as a wholeat 11. The interior of 4 the outlet member 11 is provided with adownwardly depend-ing outlet conduit 12 the upper end-of which isconnected to a vapor drawott" line -13 through which the vapor may partsmay be secured together in a leak-proof manner, for example, by welding.v The lwer ring 16 is preferably located at, or slightlyr below theopening of the depending' conduit 100 .12. There is thus formed withinthe metal jacket or shell 14 a chamber or enclosure 19 surrounding alarge portion of the depending outlet conduit 12. Obviously, it may beproportioned to surround the entire outlet assembly, if desired. j

The upper pipe ring 15 is connected to a pipe 20, the upper end of whichis connected to a horizontally disposed ypipe 21 leading from a suitablesource of hydrocarbon oils and having interposed therein a nozzle 22directed upwardly toward the top of the reaction chamber 5 andparticularly toward the manhead 23 of the chamber top. The upperpipe-ring 15 is provided with perforations 24 opening interlorly at aoint between the top of the jacket 14 and t e outer edge of the rin 17so as to feed oil intp the chamber or enc osure 19, and is valsoprovided with downwardly opening perforations 25 adapted to spray jetsof oil upon the exterior of the jacket or shell 14. The lower pipe-ring16 is provided with perforations 26 communicating with the chamber orenclosure 19, .through which the said pipe-ring 16 receives oildischarged into the chamber from the upper pipe-ring 15. .The oil thusreceived is discharged from the pipe-ring 16 through a plurality ofperforations 27 which are so positioned as to discharge jetsV of oildownwardly and across the mouth of the depending'conduit 12 and into thevapors flowing thereinto.

In the operation, the vaporous products enter the chamber through theline 6 and issue from the laterally' opening outlet 8 of the nozz1e7 Thevapors rise slowly through the reaction chamber, in which the desiredvapor phase cracking .temperatures are maintained. The period of timethat the vvapors are retained in the chamber 5 depends upon theconditions of operation, such as the rate of feed, the size of thechamber, etc., as well as the typeof product desired. The reactionchamber may be insulated, or may be mildly heated, if desired,

A suitable cooling Huid is introduced through the lines 2O and 21 intothe vapor voutlet 11. The fluid employed is preferably one which is notentirely vaporized by the hot vapors, the unvaporized portions beingremoved with the cracked vapor products by entrainment. This fluid maysuitably be a distillate hydrocarbomor the fresh `feed stock for thesystem, which is thereby' preheated and redistillidji and blended' withvthe vapor'- ous cracked products, to be later condensed with the heavierportions of the latter ,to

norm a composite lfeed stock which is fed toi-'5' thev heating zone for-substantial vaporiza-1 tlon and cracking. A portion of the cool-v ingfluid flowing through pipe -21 is ejected inthe V,f )rm olf aAjet-through the nozzlev 22l and agamst the man-head 23 in the top of.

the chamber 5, while the remaining fluid Hows to the outlet assembly 11.A portion of the remaining fluid flows through the chamber 19 formedbythe jacket 14 and is discharged inthe form of jets from theperforations 27 in the lower pipe ring 16. These jets are preferablydirected across and adjacent the open end of conduit 12 and linto thevapors adjacent to and flowing into the open end of the said conduit.The remainder of the fluid is discharged through the perforations 25 inthe upper ring 15 and along and against the outer wall o? the chamber19. The fluid thus passed to the outlet member 11 functions to exert acooling effect both infectively preventing coke formations which wouldcause stoppa e of the operation. The Huid ejected throng the nozzle 22has a similar effect in preventing the formation of coke upon and aroundthe man-head 23. j

The withdrawn vapors ow through pipe 13 and are passed to any suitablefractionati-ng devices (not shown) yto condense thereteriorly andexteriorly` of the conduit 12, ef-

ventionnin connection with a description of specific embodimentsthereof, it is not intended that the details set forth shall be regardedaslimitations-upon the scope of the invention, except in so far asincluded in the 'accompanying claims.

1. In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus for withdrawingvaporous hydrocarbon oil products of conversion therefrom,

,which comprises an outlet conduit member extending into 'said reactionchamber and into the body of vapors therein, means for spraying acooling liquid over a portion of the exterior Lof said conduit memberwithin said reaction chamber, and means for sup-` plying cooling liquidto said spray means.

2; In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus for withdrawingvaporous hydrocarbon oil products of conversion thelefro'm,

whichcomprises a downwardly dependingl outlet conduit member extendinginto said reaction chamber and into the body of vapors @therein heatedto conversion temperature, said conduit being open at its lower end andextending to a point exterior of said reaction chamber, means forspraying a cooling liquid y on the exterior of the portion of saidconduit j Within said reaction chamber at a point above 4the lower endof said conduit', and means for' ,suppllying liquid to said spray means.

n combination, a reaction chamber, and appara-tus forwithdrawing-vaporous hydrocarbon oil products -of conversiontherefrom,which comprises la conduit member extending into said reaction chamberand into the body of vapors therein heated to conversion temperature,said conduit being provided with an'v exterior jacket for receiving aliquid cooling medium, means for spraying a liquid cooling medium over aportion of the exterior of said jacket, and means for supplying coolingliquid to said jacket and to said spray means.

4. In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus forwithdrawingwaporous hydrocarbon oil products ofconversion therefrom,which comprises a downwardly`7 depending outlet conduit member extendinginto said `reaction chamber and into the body of vapors therein heatedto conversion temperature,

.said conduit being open at its lowern end, a

" jacketI surroundingy said conduit member jacent the open end o from apoint adjacent the lower end thereof to a point substantially above thesaid lower end and adapted to receive a liquid cooling medium, means forspraying a liquid cooling medium over the exterior of said jacket at apoint substantially above the lower end of ed to receive fluid coolingmedia, means spraying fluid cooling media into vapors adsaidconduit,means for supplying cooling Huid to said jacket, and means for assingcooling Huid from said jacket to said spray means. Y n

6. In combination, a reaction chamber, and

apparatus for withdrawingvaporous hydrocarbon oil products of conversiontherefrom, which comprises an outlet conduit member extending into saidreaction chamber and into the body of vapors heated to conversiontemperature therein, said conduit having an open end for receivingvaporsto with- \drawn from said chamber, means for spraying fluid coolingmedia over a portion of the exterior of said conduit .wlthin saidreaction chamber, means for spraying fluid cooling media into the vaporsadjacent the open end of said conduit, and means for supplying .'luid toeach of said spray means. v

7 In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus for withdrawingvaporous h drocarbon oil products of conversion there rom, A

which comprises an outlet conduit member extending into said reactionchamber and into the body of vapors heated to conversion temperaturetherein, said conduit having an open end for receiving vapors to bewithdrawn from said chamber, means for spraying fluid cooling media overa portion of the exterior of said conduit within said reaction chamber,means for spraying luid cooling media across and adjacent lthe openV endof said conduit, and means lfor supplying cooling fluid to each of saidspray means.

8. In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus for withdrawingvaporous hydrocarbonl oil products of conversion therefrom, whichcomprises an outlet conduit member `extending into said reaction chamberand int the body of vapors heated to conversion temperature therein, theextending portion of said conduit being provided with a surroundingjacket for receiving fluid cooling media, and having an open end forreceiving vapors, means for spraying fluid cooling media over a portionof the exterior of said jacket, means for spraying Huid cooling mediainto the vapors adjacentthe open end of said conduit, and means forsupplying cooling fluid to said jacket and to each of said f spraymeans.

9. In combination, a reaction chamber, and

ap aratus for withdrawing vaporous hydro car n oil products ofconverslon therefrom, which comprises an outlet conduit member extendinginto said reaction chamber and into the body of vapors heated toconversion temperature therein, the extending portion of said conduitbeing provided with a surrounding jacket for receiving fluid coolingmedia and having an open end for receiving vapors, means for sprayingfluid `cooling media over a portion of the exterior of the jacket onsaid conduit, means for spraying fluid cooling media across and adjacentthe open end of said conduit and into the vapors adjacent the open endof said conduit, and

means fon supplying cooling fluid @to saidk jacket and to each of saidspray means.

l 1g. In the method of converting hydrocar on oils into lower boilinghydrocarbon oils wherein a body of hydrocarbon oil vapors is maintainedat conier'sion temperature within an enlarged chamber having a vapordischar e conduit protruding therein `and provide with asurroundingjacket for receiving a fluid cooling medium, the steps ofwithdrawing vaporous products of conversion from said chamber throughsaidconduit introducing a fluid cooling medium into said jacket,discharging ya fluid' cooling medium against the exterior wall of saidjacket thereby cooling the and within said jacket, 'and 113" discharginga iiuid cooling medium into the @if t enema vapoious Apit'eduetssentering seid conduit member, I

11. in the method of converting hydra carbon oils into lower boilinghdreeerben oils-wherein a; b'ody of hydrocar on oil Ver" pors'ismaintained at conversion tempemtme Within an enlarged chamber having nVapor discharge conduit protruding therein' and provided with esurrounding ja/eitet for 1receiving a uid cooling medium, the steps ofwithdrawin vnporous products of eonvetsion from sind chamber throughseid conduit, introducing a, duid eeoing medium into seid jacket to coolsaid conduit, and discharging n duid cooling' medium argeinet theentetior well of said acket, there-by ceoing the @uid within saidjncket.

In testimony whereof, il hexeunto etm my signeture, this 18th dey ofApril, 1930.,

HARGLD R. SNW.,

